Rethinking the scientific method in the age of artificial intelligence: a philosophy of science perspective

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the transformation of the scientific method in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) through a philosophical framework, focusing on ontological, epistemological, and axiological changes, as well as the emergence of human–machine integration in knowledge production.

Method: this study uses a qualitative descriptive design with a library research approach. Data were drawn from ten international journal articles (2020–2025) selected purposively and analyzed using qualitative content and thematic analysis to examine ontological, epistemological, and axiological changes in the scientific method in the context of Artificial Intelligence.

Findings: AI reshapes the scientific method by shifting its ontology toward data-driven reality, its epistemology from causal explanation to algorithmic prediction, and its axiology toward ethical concerns such as bias and fairness. Scientific practice is increasingly characterized by human–machine collaboration, combining AI’s computational power with human interpretive judgment.

Implications: AI reshapes scientific foundations and requires rethinking objectivity, explanation, and ethics, while strengthening the role of philosophical reflection to ensure transparent and responsible research.

Originality: lies in its integration of ontological, epistemological, and axiological perspectives to show AI as a driver of transformation in the scientific method.